Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal
AMECJ

Determination of H2S in Crude Oil via a Rapid, Reliable and Sensitive Method

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Amir Vahid

Research institute of petroleum industry, Tehran, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v2.i2.61
Abstract
Determination of hydrogen sulfide, (H2S) in crude oil is very important due to the environmental impacts, industrial problems and legal international limitation of transportation. In the present work, H2S of crude oil is determined by liquid-liquid extraction followed by potentiometric titration. Three factors including dilution ratio of crude oil with toluene, extraction time of H2S into the caustic phase and API of crude oil was investigated via factorial design. The ANOVA results revealed that the dilution ratio, crude type and extraction time have the highest effect of the recovery of H2S from crude oil. The linear dynamic range of the method was from  1 up to 2000 ppm which can be manipulated for lower or higher concentration by further optimization of the above-mentioned parameters. This method is rapid, reliable, operator-independent which make it a useful technique for the field test of crude oil and overcome extreme uncertainty of H2S measurement.

Graphical Abstract

Determination of H2S in Crude Oil via a Rapid, Reliable and Sensitive Method

Keywords

Crude Oil
Determination
Hydrogen Sulfide
Experimental Design
Field test
R.J. Dieffenstein, W.C. Hulbert, S.H. Roth, Toxicology of Hydrogen Sulfide, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 32 (1992) 109-134.
H. Kimura, Metabolic turnover of hydrogen sulfide, Front Physiol., 3 (2012) 1-3
H.S. Kalal, A.A.M. Beigi, M. Farazmand, Determination of trace elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in petroleum and its distillates by preliminary extraction with voltammetric detection, Analyst, 125 (2000) 903-908.
L. Zhang, P. De Schryver, B. De Gusseme, Chemical and biological technologies for hydrogen sulfide emission control in sewer systems: A review, Water Res., 42 (2008) 1-12.
M. Abdouss, N. Hazrati, A.A. Miran Beigi, Effect of the structure of the support and the aminosilane type o the adsorption of H2S from model gas, RSC Adv., 4 (2014) 6337-6345.
N. Hazrati, M. Abdouss, A. Vahid, Removal of H2S from crude oil via stripping followed by adsorption using ZnO/MCM-41 and optimization of parameters, Int. J. Environ. Sci.Technol., 11 (2014) 997-1006.
X. Zhao, J.B. Gao, W.D. Zhang, B. Wang, Study on the risk of a crude oil shipping channel in China, ICCTP, 6 (2011) 3877- 3886.
J. Blomberg, P. Schoenmakers, U.A.T. Brinkman, Gas chromatographic methods for oil analysis, J. Chromatogr. A, 972 (2002) 137-173.
N.E. Heshka, D.B. Hager, A multidimensional gas chromatography method for the analysis of hydrogen sulfide in crude oil and crude oil headspace, J. Sep. Sci, 37 (2014) 3649-3655.
H. Sid Kalal, A.A. Miran Beigi, M. Farazmand, S.A. Tash, Determination of trace elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in petroleum and its distillates by preliminary extraction with voltammetric detection, Analyst, 125 (2000) 903-908.
N.S. Lawrence, R.P. Deo, J. Wang, Electrochemical determination of hydrogen sulfide at carbon nanotube modified electrodes, Anal. Chim. Acta, 517 (2004) 131–137.
S.K. Pandey, K.H. Kim, K.T. Tang , A review of sensor-based methods for monitoring hydrogen sulfide, TrAC - Trends Anal. Chem, 32 (2012) 87–99.
Y. Zhao, T.D. Biggs, M. Xian, Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) releasing agents: chemistry and biological applications, Chem. Commun., 50 (2014) 11788-11805.
J.F.S. Petruci, A. Wilk, A.A. Cardoso, B. Mizaikoff, Online analysis of H2S and SO2 via advanced mid-infrared gas sensors, Anal. Chem., 87 (2015) 9605–9611.
O. Yassine, O. Shekhah, A.H. Assen, H2S sensors: fumarate-based fcu-MOF thin film grown on a capacitive interdigitated electrode, Angew Chem., 55 (2016) 15879-15883.
N.E. Heshka, J.M. Choy, J. Chen, Gas chromatographic sulphur speciation in heavy crude oil using a modified standard D5623 method and microfluidic deans switching, J. Chromatogr. A,1530 (2017) 241-146.
F. Huber, S. Riegert, M. Madel, K. Thonke, H2S sensing in the ppb regime with zinc oxide nanowires, Sensor. Act. B. Chem., 239 (2017) 358-363.
N.S. Lawrence, J. Davis, R.G. Compton, Analytical strategies for the detection of sulfide: A review, Talanta, 52 (2000) 771-784.
R.A.K. Nadkarni, ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants, World Refin., 6 (2000) 24-30
O.A. Habeeb, R. Kanthasamy, G.A.M. Ali, Hydrogen sulfide emission sources, regulations, and removal techniques: a review, Rev. Chem. Eng., 34 (2017) 9-19.
R. Wedmann, S. Bertlein, I. Macinkovic, et al. Working with “H2S”: Facts and apparent artifacts: nitric oxide, Biol. Chem, 41 (2014) 85-96.
Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal
Volume 2, Issue 2
Summer 2019
Pages 37-44