A magnetic graphitic carbon nitride as a new adsorbent for simple separation of Ni (II) ion from foodstuff by ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction method

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

semnan university

Abstract
In this research, a magnetic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4-SnFe2O4) was successfully synthesized and utilized as an efficient adsorbent for nickel (Ni2+) separation/extraction from vegetable samples by ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (UA-M-D-μSPE). After separation and preconcentration step, Ni ions were determined via micro-sampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry (MS-FAAS). A successful synthesis of g-C3N4-SnFe2O4 was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The optimization of adsorption and desorption steps was effectively studied by the on-at-a time method. In addition, under the optimum experimental conditions, the limits of detection (LODs), the linear ranges (LR) and relative standard deviations (RSDs%, for n = 5) were obtained 1.0 μg.L−1, 4.0 ─ 500.0 μg.L−1, and 1.4 respectively.

Graphical Abstract

A magnetic graphitic carbon nitride as a new adsorbent for simple separation of Ni (II) ion from foodstuff by ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction method

Keywords


B. Demmig-Adams, W.W. Adams, Antioxidants in photosynthesis and human nutrition, Science, 298 (2002) 2149-2153.
L. Ren, Y. Hemar, C.O. Perera, G. Lewis, G.W. Krissansen, P.K. Buchanan, Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of eight edible mushrooms, Bioact. Carbohydr. Dietary Fibre., 3 (2014) 41-51.
A. Wilkowska, M. Biziuk, Determination of pesticide residues in food matrices using the QuEChERS methodology, Food. Chem, 125 (2011) 803-812.
M. Ghazaghi, H.Z. Mousavi, A.M. Rashidi, H. Shirkhanloo, R. Rahighi, Innovative separation and preconcentration technique of coagulating homogenous dispersive micro solid phase extraction exploiting graphene oxide nanosheets, Anal. chim. acta, 902 (2016) 33-42.
L. Zhang, V. Hessel, J. Peng, Q. Wang, L. Zhang, Co and Ni extraction and separation in segmented micro-flow using a coiled flow inverter, Chem. Eng. J, 307 (2017) 1-8.
A.A. Gouda, S.M. Al Ghannam, Impregnated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as efficient sorbent for the solid phase extraction of trace amounts of heavy metal ions in food and water samples, Food. Chem, 202 (2016) 409-416.
B. Barfi, A. Asghari, M. Rajabi, S. Sabzalian, F. Khanalipoor, M. Behzad, Optimized syringe-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction coupled with microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the simple and fast determination of potentially toxic metals in fruit juice and bio-fluid samples, RSC. Adv, 5 (2015) 31930-31941.
B. Fahimirad, A. Asghari, M. Rajabi, A novel nanoadsorbent consisting of covalently functionalized melamine onto MWCNT/Fe3O4 nanoparticles for efficient microextraction of highly adverse metal ions from organic and inorganic vegetables: Optimization by multivariate analysis,
J. Mol. Liq, 252 (2018) 383-391.
A. Safavi, N. Iranpoor, N. Saghir, S. Momeni, Glycerol–silica gel: a new solid sorbent for preconcentration and determination of traces of cobalt (II) ion, Anal. Chim. Acta, 569 (2006) 139-144.
M. Tuzen, K.O. Saygi, M. Soylak, Novel solid phase extraction procedure for gold (III) on Dowex M 4195 prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination, J. Hazard. Mater, 156 (2008) 591-595.
K. Vignesh, M. Kang, Facile synthesis, characterization and recyclable photocatalytic activity of Ag2WO4@ g-C3N4, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 199 (2015) 30-36.
H.-J. Li, B.-W. Sun, L. Sui, D.-J. Qian, M. Chen, Preparation of water-dispersible porous gC 3 N 4 with improved photocatalytic activity by chemical oxidation, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 17 (2015) 3309-3315.
B. Fahimirad, A. Asghari, M. Rajabi, Magnetic graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles covalently modified with an ethylenediamine for dispersive solid-phase extraction of lead (II) and cadmium (II) prior to their quantitation by FAAS, Micro, Chim. Acta, 184 (2017) 3027-3035.
M.R. Sohrabi, Z. Matbouie, A.A. Asgharinezhad,
A. Dehghani, Solid phase extraction of Cd (II) and Pb (II) using a magnetic metal-organic framework, and their determination by FAAS, Micro. Chim. Acta, 180 (2013) 589-597.
J. Liu, T. Zhang, Z. Wang, G. Dawson, W. Chen, Simple pyrolysis of urea into graphitic carbon nitride with recyclable adsorption and photocatalytic activity, J. Mater. Chem, 21 (2011) 14398-14401.
G. Li, N. Yang, W. Wang, W. Zhang, Synthesis, photophysical and photocatalytic properties of
N- doped sodium niobate sensitized by carbon nitride, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113 (2009) 14829-14833.
Y. Jia, D.-H. Kim, T. Lee, S. Kang, B. Lee, S. Rhee,
C. Liu, One-pot solvothermal synthesis of magnetic SnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles and their performance in the photocatalytic degradation of chlortetracycline with visible light radiation, RSC. Adv, 6 (2016) 76542-76550.
A. Moghimi, M. Alijanianzadeh, R. Pourahmad, Extraction and separation of Ni (II) from by functionalized graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin (GOH2NP) adsorbed on surfactant coated C18, Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem, 7 (2013) 360-369.
M. Saraji, H. Yousefi, Selective solid-phase extraction of Ni (II) by an ion-imprinted polymer from water samples, J. hazard. mater, 167 (2009) 1152-1157.
M.A. Karimi, M. Kafi, Removal, preconcentration and determination of Ni (II) from different environmental samples using modified magnetite nanoparticles prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Arab. J. Chem, 8 (2015) 812-820.
A. Ersöz, R. Say, A. Denizli, Ni (II) ion-imprinted solid-phase extraction and preconcentration in aqueous solutions by packed-bed columns, Anal. Chim. Acta, 502 (2004) 91-97.