[1] C. Rupa, A. Anupama, S. Ajaya Kumar, J. Bhawana, H. Susan, A review of adsorption of heavy metal ions by various low-cost adsorbents, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 102 (2020) 342-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1722811
[2] M. Arjomandi, A review: analytical methods for heavy metals determination in environment and human samples, Anal. Methods Environ. Chem. J., 2 (2019) 97-126. https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v2.i03.73
[3] V. Srivastava, C.H. Weng, V.K. Singh, Y.C. Sharma, Adsorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions by nano alumina: kinetic, mass transfer, and equilibrium studies, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 56 (2011) 1414-1422. https://doi.org/10.1021/je101152b
[4] H. Zhang, M. Reynolds, Cadmium exposure in living organisms: A short review, Sci. Total Environ., 678 (2019) 761–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.395
[5] S. Malar, S. Shivendra, P. Favas, V. Perumal, Lead heavy metal toxicity induced changes in growth and the level of antioxidative enzymes in water hyacinths, Bot. Stud., 55 (2014) 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-014-0054-6
[6] J. Mirosławski, A. Paukszto, Determination of the Cd, chromium, nickel, and lead ions relays in selected polish medicinal plants and their infusion, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 182 (2017) 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1072-5
[7] J. Kasten-Jolly, D.A. Lawrence, Sex-specifc efects of developmental lead exposure on the immune-neuroendocrine network, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 334 (2017) 142–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.009
[8] A. Kumar, A. Kumar, M. Cabral-Pinto, A.K. Chaturvedi, A. Shabnam, G. Subrahmanyam, R. Mondal, Lead toxicity health hazards, influence on food chain, and sustainable remediation approaches, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17 (2020) 2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072179
[9] S. Kumar, R. Islam, P. Bhowmik, G.R. Macfarlane, Lead (Pb) contamination in agricultural products and human health risk assessment in Bangladesh, Water Air Soil Pollut., 233 (2022) 257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05711-9
[10] A. Rashidi, A. Vahid, Arsenic speciation based on amine-functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles by ultrasound assisted-dispersive solid-liquid multiple phase microextraction, Microchem. J., 130 (2017) 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2016.08.013
[11] J. Rakhtshah, M. Dehghani Mobarake, Simultaneously speciation and determination of manganese (II) and (VII) ions in water, food, and vegetable samples based on immobilization of N-acetylcysteine on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Food Chem., 389 (2022) 133124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food chem.2022.133124
[12] A. F. Zarandi, An immobilization of 2-(Aminomethyl) thiazole on MWCNTs used for rapid extraction of manganese ions in hepatic patients, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 240 (2024) 115941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115941
[13] Z. Karamzadeh, A novel biostructure sorbent based on CysSB/MetSB@ MWCNTs for separation of nickel and cobalt in biological samples by ultrasound assisted-dispersive ionic liquid- suspension solid phase microextraction, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 172 (2019) 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.003
[14] M. M. Eskandari, Cloud point assisted dispersive ionic liquid-liquid microextraction for chromium speciation in human blood samples based on isopropyl 2-[(isopropoxycarbothiolyl)disulfanyl] ethane thioate, Anal. Chem. Res., 10 (2016) 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancr.2016.10.002
[15] M. M. Eskandari, B. Kalantari, Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on task-specific ionic liquids for determination and speciation of chromium in human blood, J. Anal. Chem., 70 (2015) 1448-1455. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934815120072
[16] M. K. Abbasabadi, F. Hosseini, Nanographene oxide modified phenyl methanethiol nanomagnetic composite for rapid separation of aluminum in wastewaters, foods, and vegetable samples by microwave dispersive, Food Chem., 347 (2021) 129042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129042
[17] M. K. Abbasabadi, Speciation of cadmium in human blood samples based on Fe3O4-supported naphthalene-1-thiol- functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite by ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic micro solid phase extraction, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 189 (2020)113455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113455
[18] N. Esmaeili, J. Rakhtshah, Ultrasound assisted-dispersive-modification solid-phase extraction using task-specific ionic liquid immobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes for speciation and determination mercury in water samples, Microchem. J., 154 (2020) 104632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104632
[19] N. Esmaeili, J. Rakhtshah, Rapid speciation of lead in human blood and urine samples based on MWCNTs@DMP by dispersive ionic liquid-suspension-micro-solid phase extraction, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 199 (2021) 2496–2507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02382-7
[20] M. Alaa, Preparation of graphene oxide-grafted polymers and the analytical study of their interaction with Congo Red and Bismarck brown dyes, Thesis for PhD, University of Basra, Iraq, 2020. https://en.sci.uobasrah.edu.iq/1phddepartment-theses-and-dissertation
[21] Q. Nada. Synthesis and characterization of some new 1,3-thiazines and their complexes and evaluation of their adsorption capacity for water remediation, University of Basra, Iraq, 2019. https://en.ceq.uobasrah.edu.iq/
[22] S. Huda. Removal of Carcinogenic Dyes Congo red (CR) and Bismarck brown Y (BBY) by Adsorption onto Reusable Hydrogels Derived from Acrylamide, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2063 (2021) 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2063/1/012011
[23] H. Fereshte, D. Haniyeh, E. Farhad, M. Ali, Magnetized melamine-modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN@melamine/Fe3O4) organometallic nanomaterial: Preparation, characterization, and application as a multifunctional catalyst in the synthesis of bioactive dihydropyrano [2,3-c]pyrazole and 2-amino-3-cyano4H-pyran derivatives, Appl. Organometal. Chem., 35 (2021) e6363. https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.6363
[24] G. Weixing, Y. Haibing, Z. Yifu, Q. Sheldon, L. Cuiwu, P. Licheng, H. Zhoufeng, Synthesis and characterization of sucrose-melamine-formaldehyde adhesives, BioResour., 11 (2016) 2516-2525. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.2516-2525
[25] S. Jumat, S. Nadia, Y. Emad, Synthesis and characterization of esters derived from ricinoleic acid and evaluation of their low-temperature property, Sains Malays., 41 (2012) 1239–1244. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279640936
[26] L. Zhang, H. Luo, P. Liu, W. Fang, J. Geng, A novel modified graphene oxide/chitosan composite used as an adsorbent for Cr (VI) in aqueous solutions, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 87 (2016) 586-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.027
[27] A. Monshi, M. Foroughi, M.R. Monshi, Modified Scherrer equation to estimate more accurately nano-crystallite size using XRD, World J. Nano Sci. Eng., 2 (2012) 154–160. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2012.23020
[28] R. Yong, A. Hayder, H. Fengbo, P. Hong, H. Kaixun, Magnetic EDTA-modified chitosan/SiO2/Fe3O4 adsorbent: Preparation, characterization, and application in heavy metal adsorption, Chem. Eng. J., 226 (2013) 300–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.04.059
[29] M. Ahamed, H. Alhadlaq, M. Khan, P. Karuppiah, N. Al-Dhabi, Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles, J. Nanomater., 2014 (2014) 37858. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/637858
[30] A. Y. Hammo, T. E. Jassim, M. J.K. AL. Asadi, Preparation and characterization of some ferrite spinal magnetic nanocomposites and their use as adsorbent surfaces to treat elemental and oil pollution from their aqueous solutions, India. J. Ecol., 49 (2022) 675-683. https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1650953836.pdf
[31] S. D. Ahranjani, A lead analysis based on amine-functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles in human biological samples by ultrasound assisted-ionic liquid trap-micro solid phase extraction, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 157 (2018) 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.004
[32] S. Mishra, D. Mohapatra, D. Mishra, P. Chattopadhyay, G. Chaudhury, R. Das, Arsenic adsorption on natural minerals, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 5 (2014) 350-359. https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol5/vol5_N2/41-JMES-455-2013-Mishra.pdf
[33] C. Shih, J. Park, D. Sholl, M. Realff, T. Yajima, Y. Kawajiri, Hierarchical Bayesian estimation for adsorption isotherm parameter determination, Chem. Eng. Sci., 214 (2020) 115435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.115435
[34] Y. Kuang, X. Zhang, S. Zhou, Adsorption of methylene blue in water onto activated carbon by surfactant modification, Water, 12 (2020) 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020587
[35] A. Sulaymon, T. Mohammed, J. Al-Najar, Equilibrium and kinetics studies of adsorption of heavy metals onto activated carbon, Can. J. Chem. Eng. Tech., 3 (2012) 86–92. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281526794
[36] A. A. Ansari, S.S. Gill, R. Gill, G. Lanza, L. Newman, Phytoremediation. Springer. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41811-7
[37] Y. Meshram, J. Gunjate, R. Khope, Studies on adsorption characteristics of manganese onto coal based chemically modified activated carbon, Mater. Today Proc., 29 (2020) 1185-1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.428
[38] S. Rengaraj, J. Yeon, Y. Kim, Y. Jung, Y. Ha, W. Kim, Adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) onto ion exchange resins 252H and 1500H: Kinetics, isotherms and error analysis, J. Hazard. Mater., 143 (2007) 469–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.064
[39] R. Gautam, A. Mudhoo, G. Lofrano, M. Chattopadhyaya, Biomass-derived biosorbents for metal ions sequestration: Adsorbent modification and activation methods and adsorbent regeneration, J. Enviro. Chem. Eng., 2 (2014) 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.12.019
[40] A. F. Zarandi, P. Paydar, A novel method based on functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient removal of lead aerosols pollution from air by solid-liquid gas-phase extraction, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 18 (2020) 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00450-7
[41] P. Luo, B. Zhang, Y. Zhao, J. Wang, H. Zhang, J. Liu, Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto chemically activated halloysite nanotubes, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28 (2011) 800–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-010-0426-x
[42] R. García, R. Medina, M. Lozano, I. Pérez, M. Valero, A. Maubert, Adsorption of azo-dye Orange II from aqueous solutions using a metal-organic framework material: Iron- benzenetricarboxylate, Materials, 7 (2014) 8037–8057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7128037
[43] A. S. Muhammad, Adsorption of Methylene blue onto modified agricultural waste. Mor. J. Chem., 8 (2020) 412-427. https://doi.org/10.48317/IMIST.PRSM/morjchem-v8i2.16692
[44] F. Togue Kamga, Modeling adsorption mechanism of paraquat onto Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood sawdust, Appl. Water Sci., 9 (2019) 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0879-3
[45] H. Joga, P. King, Y. Prasanna, Application of response surface methodology for optimization of cadmium adsorption in an aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from Bauhinia Purpurea leaves, Rasayan J. Chem., 11 (2018) 1577–1586. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2018.1144024
[46] Y. Ho, G. McKay, Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes, Process Biochem., 34 (1999) 451–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5
[47] M. D. Mobarake, Ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid trap phase extraction based on functionalized multi-wall carbon nNanotubes for preconcentration and separation of nickel in petrochemical waste water, J. Anal. Chem., 74 (2019) 865-876. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934819090090
[48] Y. Önal, C. Akmil-Başar, D. Eren, C. Sarıcı-Özdemir, T. Depci, Adsorption kinetics of malachite green onto activated carbon prepared from Tunçbilek lignite, J. Hazard. Mater., 128 (2006) 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.055
[49] D. Lin, F. Wu, Y. Hu,T. Zhang, C. Liu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, Z. Xue, H. Han, T. Ko, Adsorption of dye by waste black tea powder: parameters, kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies, J. Chem., 2020 (2020) 431046. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5431046
[50] A. Swelam, M. Awad, Y. Gedamy, A. Tawfik, Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and application in removal of iron from aqueous solution and groundwater, Egypt. J. Chem., 62 (2019) 709-789. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2019.5527.1488
