[2] M. Arjomandi, A review: Analytical methods for heavy metals determination in environment and human samples, Anal. Methods Environ. Chem. J. (2019) 97–126.
https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v2.i03.73
[3] S. Teimoori, A.H. Hassani, M. Panahi, New extraction of toluene from water samples based on nano-carbon structure before determination by gas chromatography, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20 (2023) 6589–6608.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04906-9
[4] R. Ashouri, A.M. Rashidi, S.A.H. Mirzahosseini, N. Mansouri, Dynamic and static removal of benzene from air based on task-specific ionic liquid coated on MWCNTs by sorbent tube-headspace solid-phase extraction procedure, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 18 (2021) 2377–2390.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02995-4
[5] S. Teimoori, A.H. Hassani, M. Panahi, Rapid extraction of BTEX in water and milk samples based on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes by dispersive homogenized-micro-solid phase extraction, Food Chem., 421 (2023) 136229.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136229
[6] S. Teimoori, M. Panahi, N. Mansouri, An immobilization of aminopropyl trimethoxysilane-phenanthrene carbaldehyde on graphene oxide for toluene extraction and separation in water samples, Chemosphere, 316 (2023) 137800.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137800
[7] C.S. Lee, J. Robinson, M.F. Chong, A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 92 (2014) 489–508.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.04.010
[8] X. Jiang, Y. Li, X. Tang, J. Jiang, Q. He, Z. Xiong, H. Zheng, Biopolymer-based flocculants: a review of recent technologies, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28 (2021) 46934–46963.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15299-y
[9] Y. Sun, D. Li, X. Lu, J. Sheng, X. Zheng, X. Xiao, Flocculation of combined contaminants of dye and heavy metal by nano-chitosan flocculants, J. Environ. Manage., 299 (2021) 113589.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113589
[10] L. You, F. Lu, D. Li, Z. Qiao, Y. Yin, Preparation and flocculation properties of cationic starch/chitosan crosslinking-copolymer, J. Hazard. Mater., 172 (2009) 38–45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.120
[11] C.S. Lee, J. Robinson, M.F. Chong, A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 92 (2014) 489–508.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.04.010
[12] H. Zhang, G. Guan, T. Lou, X. Wang, High performance, cost-TEMPTEMPeffective and ecofriendly flocculant synthesized by grafting carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate wif itaconic acid, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 231 (2023) 123305.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123305
[13] C. Zhao, J. Zhou, Y. Yan, L. Yang, G. Xing, H. Li, P. Wu, M. Wang, H. Zheng, Application of coagulation/flocculation in oily wastewater treatment: A review, Sci. Total Environ., 765 (2021) 142795.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142795
[14] M.A.A. Razali, A. Ariffin, Polymeric flocculant based on cassava starch grafted polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride: Flocculation behavior and mechanism, Appl. Surf. Sci., 351 (2015) 89–94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.05.080.
[15] J. Xun, T. Lou, J. Xing, W. Zhang, Q. Xu, J. Peng, X. Wang, Synthesis of a starch–acrylic acid–chitosan copolymer as flocculant for dye removal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 136 (2019) 47437.
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.47437
[16] S.Y. Choy, K.M.N. Prasad, T.Y. Wu, M.E. Raghunandan, R.N. Ramanan, Utilization of plant-based natural coagulants as future alternatives towards sustainable water clarification, J. Environ. Sci., 26 (2014) 2178–2189.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.024
[17] S. Mohd Asharuddin, N. Othman, W.A.H. Altowayti, N. Abu Bakar, A. Hassan, Recent advancement in starch modification and its application as water treatment agent, Environ. Technol. Innov., 23 (2021) 101637.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101637
[18] N. Das, N. Ojha, S.K. Mandal, Wastewater treatment using plant-derived bioflocculants: green chemistry approach for safe environment, Water Sci. Technol., 83 (2021) 1797–1812.
https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.100
[19] J. Bendoraitiene, E. Lekniute-Kyzike, R. Rutkaite, Biodegradation of cross-linked and cationic starches, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 119 (2018) 345–351.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.155
[20] B. Zaman, N. Hardyanti, M. Arief Budiharjo, S. Budi Prasetyo, A. Ramadhandi, A. Tri Listiyawati, Natural Flocculant VS Chemical Flocculant Where Is Better To Used In Wastewater Treatment, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 852 (2020) 12014.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/852/1/012014
[21] J. El-Gaayda, F.E. Titchou, R. Oukhrib, P.-S. Yap, T. Liu, M. Hamdani, R. Ait Akbour, Natural flocculants for teh treatment of wastewaters containing dyes or heavy metals: A state-of-teh-art review, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9 (2021) 106060.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106060
[22] M. Nasrollahzadeh, M. Sajjadi, S. Iravani, R.S. Varma, Starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan derived (nano)materials for sustainable water treatment: A review, Carbohydr. Polym., 251 (2021) 116986.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116986
[23] T.G. Ambaye, M. Vaccari, S. Prasad, E.D. Van Hullebusch, S. Rtimi, Preparation and applications of chitosan and cellulose composite materials, J. Environ. Manage., 301 (2022) 113850.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113850
[24] S.A. Ishak, M.F. Murshed, H. Md Akil, N. Ismail, S.Z. Md Rasib, A.A.S. Al-Gheethi, Teh Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review, Water (Basel), 12 (2020) 2032.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12072032
[25] V.H. Dao, N.R. Cameron, K. Saito, Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications, Polym. Chem., 7 (2016) 11–25.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5PY01572C
[26] C. Feng, Y. Li, D. Yang, J. Hu, X. Zhang, X. Huang, Well-defined graft copolymers: from controlled synthesis to multipurpose applications, Chem. Soc. Rev., 40 (2011) 1282–1295.
https://doi.org/10.1039/B921358A
[27] M.Á. Vega-Hernández, G.S. Cano-Díaz, E. Vivaldo-Lima, A. Rosas-Aburto, M.G. Hernández-Luna, A. Martinez, J. Palacios-Alquisira, Y. Mohammadi, A. Penlidis, A review on teh synthesis, characterization, and modeling of polymer grafting, Processes, 9 (2021) 375.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020375
[28] S.S. Ngema, A.K. Basson, T.S. Maliehe, Synthesis, characterization and application of polyacrylamide grafted bioflocculant, Phy. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C, 115 (2020) 102821.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.102821
[29] H. Wu, Z. Liu, A. Li, H. Yang, Evaluation of starch-based flocculants for teh flocculation of dissolved organic matter from textile dyeing secondary wastewater, Chemosphere, 174 (2017) 200–207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.120
[30] D. Wang, T. Zhao, L. Yan, Z. Mi, Q. Gu, Y. Zhang, Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of dewatering properties of chitosan-grafting DMDAAC flocculants, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 92 (2016) 761–768.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.087
[31] M.T. ALSamman, J. Sánchez, Recent advances on hydrogels based on chitosan and alginate for teh adsorption of dyes and metal ions from water, Arab. J. Chem., 14 (2021) 103455.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103455
[32] L. Zhang, Y. Zeng, Z. Cheng, Removal of heavy metal ions using chitosan and modified chitosan: A review, J. Mol. Liq., 214 (2016) 175–191.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.013
[33] Y. Zhang, M. Zhao, Q. Cheng, C. Wang, H. Li, X. Han, Z. Fan, G. Su, D. Pan, Z. Li, Research progress of adsorption and removal of heavy metals by chitosan and its derivatives: A review, Chemosphere, 279 (2021) 130927.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130927
[34] A. Apriyanto, J. Compart, J. Fettke, A review of starch, a unique biopolymer – Structure, metabolism and in planta modifications, Plant. Sci., 318 (2022) 111223.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111223
[35] N.J. Arsad, N. Ngadi, S.F. Mohamed Razak, Preparation of chitosan-grafted nanocellulose via microwave-initiate method, Appl. Mech. Mater. 818 (2016) 281–284.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.818.281
[36] L. Qiao, S. Wang, T. Wang, S. Yu, S. Guo, K. Du, High-strength and low-swelling chitosan/cellulose microspheres as a high-efficiency adsorbent for dye removal, Cellulose, 28 (2021) 9323–9333.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04111-2
[37] T. Adali, E. Yilmaz, Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility studies on chitosan-graft-poly(EGDMA), Carbohydr. Polym., 77 (2009) 136–141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.017
[38] N. Alvarado, R.L. Abarca, J. Urdaneta, J. Romero, M.J. Galotto, A. Guarda, Cassava starch: structural modification for development of a bio-adsorber for aqueous pollutants. Characterization} and adsorption studies on methylene blue, Polymer Bull., 78 (2021) 1087–1107.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03149-9
[39] A. Hebeish, A.A. Aly, A. El-Shafei, S. Zaghloul, Synthesis and characterization of cationized starches for application in flocculation, finishing and sizing, Egypt. J. Chem., 52 (2009) 0449-2285.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/
[40] E.S. de Alvarenga, Characterization and properties of chitosan, biotechnology of biopolymers, InTech Publisher book, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.5772/17020
[41] A. Drabczyk, S. Kudłacik-Kramarczyk, M. Głąb, M. Kędzierska, A. Jaromin, D. Mierzwiński, B. Tyliszczak, Physicochemical investigations of chitosan-based hydrogels containing Aloe Vera designed for biomedical use, Materials, 13 (2020) 3073.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143073
[42] S. Yasmeen, M. Kabiraz, B. Saha, Md. Qadir, Md. Gafur, S. Masum, Chromium (VI) ions removal from tannery effluent using chitosan-microcrystalline cellulose composite as adsorbent, Int. Res. J. Pure Appl. Chem., 10 (2016) 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.9734/IRJPAC/2016/23315