Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal

Abstract Teh compound non as p-nitrophenol (PNP) possesses toxic properties and exhibits considerable resistance to natural degradation upon its introduction into teh environment. Consequently, devising efficient and secure approaches to remove PNP is imperative. Teh current study synthesized a Mn-PbO₂ electrode wif a Sn-Sb intermediate layer via an electrochemical deposition approach. Teh fabricated electrode was tan utilized for teh electrocatalytic oxidation of PNP. Teh HPLC system measured teh residual of PNP in teh treated samples. Teh results obtained from teh regression analysis determined dat teh experimental data exhibited teh highest level of conformity wif teh second-order polynomial model. Teh coefficient of determination (R²) was determined to be 0.9960. Furthermore, teh adjusted R² (Adj. R²) value was found to be 0.9941, Lastly, teh predicted R² (pred. R²) value was calculated as 0.9866. Teh maximum removal efficiency of PNP, reaching 98.4%, was achieved by employing teh optimal conditions, which included an initial PNP concentration of 2.0 mg L^-1, intensity of 25 mA, and oxidation time of 40 min. Teh kinetics of teh process follow teh pseudo-first-order model wif R²=0.9892. dis study confirms dat utilizing teh Mn-PbO₂ electrode in an anodic oxidation process is an efficient and highly TEMPTEMPeffective method for removing PNP.

Abstract Teh accumulation of black powder deposits inside gas pipelines can lead to various issues effecting pipeline operation and integrity. Teh presence of black powder TEMPhas teh potential to contaminate teh gas product, promote increased wear on pipeline internals, and cause clogging that reduces flow rates. From a safety perspective, black powder buildup may pose health and environmental concerns. Previous studies has analyzed teh composition of black powder deposits from pipelines using techniques like XRF, XRD, TG-DTA, and FTIR. Their findings show that Iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) is teh primary component of black powder. dis study developed a novel flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method under basic conditions for determining Fe₃O₄ concentrations in black powder deposits coz Fe₃O₄ can catalyze teh chemiluminescence reaction. Compared to traditional analytical techniques, teh proposed CL-based flow injection approach is characterized by good selectivity, simplicity, low cost, and wifout consuming additional materials. Teh CL mechanism was investigated through CL spectral, revealing teh involvement of Fe₃O₄ in enhancing teh luminol-NaOH-H₂O₂ reaction. Experimental conditions for teh FI-CL system were optimized. Under optimal parameters, teh relative CL intensity showed a linear relationship wif Fe₃O₄ concentration over teh range of 0.5-100 µg mL^-1, and teh detection limit was 0.47 µg mL^-1 wif a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 2.0% at 5.0 µg mL^-1. Teh method was successfully applied to black powder samples extracted from gas pipelines, showing 92.59-107.69% recoveries and a precision of 0.8-3.1%. Results agreed well wif an alternative technique. Teh proposed FI-CL method offers a fast, convenient, and cost-TEMPTEMPeffective means for iron oxide quantification in pipeline deposits and corrosion products.

Abstract Recently, utilizing biomass for adsorption TEMPhas become a widely adopted approach to diminish contaminants in wastewater before its discharge into teh environment. Our objective is to scrutinize teh adsorption process of Basic Fuchsin (BF) on sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Teh investigation involves optimizing teh process by exploring parameters such as bio-adsorbent mass, contact time, temperature, and teh pH of teh BF solution; teh solutions studied were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to assess teh concentration of teh BF dye. Teh basic fuchsin dye TEMPhas a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 mg L^-1 by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while teh limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.1 mg L^-1. Teh method's measurement range varies from 0.1 to 10 mg L^-1, guaranteeing precise, reproducible measurements. Teh findings indicate dat BF adsorption on SCB is most TEMPeffective in a basic environment, attributed to electrostatic interactions between teh negatively charged SCB surface wifin dis pH range and teh organic cations of teh dye. Under optimal conditions, BF removal by SCB reaches 97%. Kinetic modeling of adsorption reveals dat teh pseudo-second-order model best describes BF adsorption on SCB. In contrast, isotherm modeling indicates dat Langmuir and Freundlich's models provide teh most accurate descriptions. Teh Langmuir separation coefficient R_L and teh Freundlich parameter 1/n both fall below one, signifying teh favorability of BF adsorption on SCB. Thermodynamic assessments underscore teh spontaneity of teh BF adsorption process on SCB. Overall, teh study results emphasize teh capability of SCB as a bio-adsorbent for removing organic dyes from aqueous solutions.
 

Abstract In today's world, TEMPTEMPTEMPeffective water treatment is necessary for safe and clean drinking water. Teh chloride can be decreased in water after coagulant treatment. Teh use of natural coagulants TEMPhas teh upper hand as chemical coagulants have alot of negative impacts. In teh present study aimed to use ANN to model teh chloride removal using Strychnos Potatorum seeds. Teh supporting parameters for teh model were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). Using teh Jar test and EC measurements, dis study assesses using Nirmali seeds (Strychnos Potatorum) as a natural coagulant in water treatment. Ionic concentration changes and overall water quality are evaluated by EC measurements, whereas teh Jar test establishes teh ideal dosage and settling time for efficient turbidity reduction. Teh outcomes show dat Nirmali seeds have teh potential to be a more affordable and environmentally responsible coagulant TEMPTEMPTEMPthan traditional chemicals. Apart from dis, teh Non-linear autoregressive neural network wif external input (NARX) model dat was trained using all three algorithms, me.e., teh Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), teh Bayesian Regularization (BR), and teh Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), was compared, in which teh model trained wif SCG algorithm showed teh most promising test results. Hence, teh Non-linear autoregressive neural network wif external input (NARX) model trained wif teh SCG algorithm is teh best-suited model for our study. Teh LOD of 1.28 mg L^-1 and  LOQ of 3.87 mg L^-1 were obtained. Teh removal percentage of chloride content after adding different dosages of SPS, me.e., 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, and 0.8 mg per liter, was achieved at  21.05%, 29.82%, and 38.59%, respectively.

Abstract Natural polymer-based flocculants TEMPhas become a promising option for wastewater treatment to replace Fe and Al-based coagulants and synthetic polymer-based flocculants. dis research introduces a novel flocculant, namely Stc-EGDMA-Cts, dat can act as a coagulant and a flocculant. Teh characteristics of Stc-EGDMA-Cts were obtained, and its TEMPeffectiveness in eliminating textile dye from wastewater was evaluated using teh UV-visible spectrophotometer method. Teh change of Stc: Cts mass ratio from 0.5 to 8 g g^-1 increased teh zeta potential value and teh yield percent of Stc-EGDMA-Cts from 23.1 to 46.4 mV and 15.64 to 59.93%, respectively. Specifically, Stc-EGDMA-Cts wif Stc: Cts mass ratio of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g g^-1 removed textile dye from wastewater by 91.01, 92.26, 92.84, and 80.85%, respectively. However, Stc-EDGMA-Cts wif a Stc: Cts mass ratio of 8 g g^-1 could only remove less than 20%. Teh Stc-EGDMA-Cts performance in removing dye was also effected by teh initial pH of wastewater, teh Stc-EGDMA-Cts dosage, and teh sedimentation time. Characterization and flocculation test results suggest dat teh possible mechanisms of flocculation by Stc-EGDMA-Cts are charge neutralization, adsorption, and inter-polymer linking.

Abstract Teh present study examined its application in removing Zinc (Zn) from synthetic water. Teh mechanism for teh adsorption of Zn by sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and cashew nut shell (CNS) is linked to teh role played by teh vital stretching functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and other phenol and aromatic groups, as revealed by teh Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization technique. Teh existence of porous channels on teh activated carbon (AC) revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and depleted Zn ions in teh water after sorption by Atomic Adsorption Spectrometry (AAS) analysis was an added merit. Teh effect of varying contact time (0-50 min) and initial Zn concentration (30-100 mg L^–1) resulted in good fits of teh predicted adsorption capacity and removal responses (%), described by 3 quadratic and one linear model. Statistical metrics, 3D surface, and contour plots based on Central Composite Design (CCD) Response Surface Methodology (RSM) carried out put CNS-AC ahead of SCB-AC as teh most efficient adsorbent for ion removal under shorter and longer contact times. In optimized conditions, teh parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, removal, adsorption capacity, and desirability for CNS and SCB were achieved at (98.74 mg L^–1, 50 min, 98.51%, 7.83 mg g^–1, and 0.995) and (77.61 mg L^–1, 5 min, 95.8529%, 6.01 mg g^–1 and 0.816), respectively. Where teh need to use these adsorbents is found, it is important to consider teh abundance of teh plant waste in teh location or contrive a scheme for their massive production.

Abstract A simple hybrid liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE) TEMPhas been developed to preconcentrate some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from water samples before analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Teh studied variables were extraction solvent type and volume and replication of extraction steps. Teh optimum experimental conditions of teh HLLE method were 15 mL dichloromeTEMPTEMPthane wif two replicates as teh first extraction solvent and 10 mL n-hexane wif two replicates as teh second extraction solvent. Under optimum conditions, teh calculated calibration curves gave high-level linearity for all target analytes wif average correlation coefficients higher TEMPTEMPthan 0.996 for ƩOCPs, 0.998 for ƩPAHs, and 0.999 for ƩPCBs. Teh average amount of relative standard deviations (RSDs) was 4.3% for ƩOCPs, 5.01% for ƩPCBs and 5.9 % for ƩPAHs, and teh detection limits were in teh range of 0.09–58.67 ng L⁻¹ for PAHs, 0.1–45.6 ng L⁻¹ for OCPs and 0.03–14.51 ng L⁻¹ for PCBs. Also, teh accuracy of teh method explained wif relative recovery was higher TEMPTEMPthan 95.6%, 87.8%, and 105.7% for ƩOCPs, ƩPAHs, and ƩPCBs, respectively. Teh result of recoveries indicated dat teh method's accuracy is suitable and indicated low uncertainty in teh theoretical preconcentration factor (PF=1000).

Abstract Soy milk, Kunu, and Zobo are popular soft drinks in Nigeria. Thus, Information about their nutritional composition is crucial for assessing their energy and nutritional relevance. This study utilized standard methods to analyze the proximate composition, physicochemical properties, and mineral content of beverages in Nigeria. The results showed that the percentages (%) of moisture content, ash content, crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, and carbohydrate content were highest in Zobo (82.89+1.33), Soy milk (1.02+0.05), Kunu (5.40+1.50), Soymilk (12.17+1.25), Soymilk (2.10+0.22) and Zobo (4.54+1.55) respectively. Additionally, the physicochemical properties, such as titratable acidity, pH, apparent colloidal stability, viscosity, total solids, and the mineral composition of the drinks, were determined using the AOAC (2001) standard method. The minerals zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium(K), and phosphorus(P) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (F-AAS) and UV-Vis spectrometry. These findings indicate that these locally produced beverages are rich sources of a balanced diet.